This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
The vocabulary consists of cluster centers. So, this method returns the vocabulary. In the first variant of the method, train descriptors stored in the object are clustered. In the second variant, input descriptors are clustered.
Descriptors to cluster. Each row of the descriptors matrix is a descriptor. Descriptors are not added to the inner train descriptor set.
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For details, see, for example, Visual Categorization with Bags of Keypoints by Gabriella Csurka, Christopher R. Dance, Lixin Fan, Jutta Willamowski, Cedric Bray, 2004. :
Source: opencv2/features2d.hpp.